1 Corinthians 15:13

Authorized King James Version

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But if there be no resurrection of the dead, then is Christ not risen:

Original Language Analysis

εἰ if G1487
εἰ if
Strong's: G1487
Word #: 1 of 9
if, whether, that, etc
δὲ But G1161
δὲ But
Strong's: G1161
Word #: 2 of 9
but, and, etc
ἀνάστασις resurrection G386
ἀνάστασις resurrection
Strong's: G386
Word #: 3 of 9
a standing up again, i.e., (literally) a resurrection from death (individual, genitive case or by implication, (its author)), or (figuratively) a (mor
νεκρῶν of the dead G3498
νεκρῶν of the dead
Strong's: G3498
Word #: 4 of 9
dead (literally or figuratively; also as noun)
οὐκ no G3756
οὐκ no
Strong's: G3756
Word #: 5 of 9
the absolute negative (compare g3361) adverb; no or not
ἔστιν there be G2076
ἔστιν there be
Strong's: G2076
Word #: 6 of 9
he (she or it) is; also (with neuter plural) they are
οὐδὲ not G3761
οὐδὲ not
Strong's: G3761
Word #: 7 of 9
not however, i.e., neither, nor, not even
Χριστὸς Christ G5547
Χριστὸς Christ
Strong's: G5547
Word #: 8 of 9
anointed, i.e., the messiah, an epithet of jesus
ἐγήγερται· is G1453
ἐγήγερται· is
Strong's: G1453
Word #: 9 of 9
to waken (transitively or intransitively), i.e., rouse (literally, from sleep, from sitting or lying, from disease, from death; or figuratively, from

Analysis & Commentary

But if there be no resurrection of the dead (εἰ δὲ ἀνάστασις νεκρῶν οὐκ ἔστιν)—Paul constructs a *reductio ad absurdum* argument. He assumes the opponents' premise (no resurrection) and demonstrates it leads to absurd, unacceptable conclusions. This is sophisticated Greco-Roman logical argumentation, showing Paul's rhetorical training.

Then is Christ not risen (οὐδὲ Χριστὸς ἐγήγερται)—The logic is inexorable. If resurrection is metaphysically impossible, Christ couldn't have risen either. The Corinthians' position—Christ rose uniquely, but believers won't—is philosophically untenable. Christ's resurrection is either the *firstfruits* (v. 20) guaranteeing the harvest, or it didn't happen. There's no middle ground. Resurrection is not Christ's private miracle but the inauguration of new creation.

Historical Context

Paul's argument structure reflects his rabbinic training under Gamaliel (Acts 22:3). Jewish rabbinic debate employed similar logical reductions. Yet he writes in Greek rhetorical style for a Gentile audience, demonstrating his missional adaptability (1 Corinthians 9:19-22).

Questions for Reflection

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